The course aims to illustrate the fundamentals of criminal-law protection:

• explaining the constitutional principles of criminal liability and the main categories of general criminal law
• analysing the most important issues of criminal labour law, with particular reference to criminal law on health and safety at work.

First part: General principles of criminal liability

1. THE FUNCTIONS AND PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL LAW. THE OFFENCE AND THE PENALTY. INTRODUCTORY LESSON

2) PRINCIPLES GOVERNING CRIMINAL LAW: LEGALITY, RESERVATION OF LAW (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE RELATIONSHIP WITH EUROPEAN LAW), DETERMINATION, PROHIBITION OF ANALOGY, MATERIALITY, OFFENSIVENESS AND SUBSIDIARITY;

3) SUCCESSION OF CRIMINAL LAWS OVER TIME, ANALYSIS OF ARTICLE 2 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE 4) CRIME AND ITS MAIN ELEMENTS, DISTINCTION BETWEEN CRIMES AND FINES, PENALTIES, DISTINCTION BETWEEN CRIMES COMMITTED AND OMISSIVE.

5) CAUSAL LINK AND ITS INVESTIGATION, CONCURRENCE OF CAUSES.

6) INTENT, NEGLIGENCE AND RECKLESSNESS, OBJECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS OF PUNISHMENT.

7) FORTUITOUS EVENT AND FORCE MAJOR, ERROR.

8) ATTEMPT AND RESTORATIVE CONDUCT.

9) HINTS ON CAUSES OF JUSTIFICATION AND CIRCUMSTANCES.

10) CONCURRENCE OF CRIMES AND APPARENT CONCURRENCE OF RULES.

11) CONSPIRACY OF PERSONS IN THE CRIME.

12) CRITERIA FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE PENALTY, CAUSES OF EXTINCTION OF THE CRIME AND OF THE PENALTY, THE NON-PUNISHABILITY OF THE FACT FOR SLIGHT ENTITY.

13. SECURITY MEASURES, IN PARTICULAR CONFISCATION.

14) LIABILITY OF ENTITIES EX D. LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 231/2001.

15) SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENTS

Second part: Labour criminal law: the subjects, the punishable conduct, the sanctions.

16) FUNCTIONS AND AIMS OF CRIMINAL LABOUR LAW. RIGHT TO WORK AND HEALTH AS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, HISTORICAL EXCURSUS OF NORMATIVE SOURCES, GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF THE D. LGS. N. 81 OF 2008, PREVENTIVE LOGIC AND CONCEPT OF RISK.

17) OBLIGATION TO PREVENT THE ACCIDENT, GUARANTEE POSITIONS HELD BY THE HOLDERS OF OBLIGATIONS IN RELATION TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION (THE EMPLOYER, THE MANAGERS, THE PERSON IN CHARGE, THE RPS, THE OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN, THE WORKER), DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS.

18) TRAITS CHARACTERIZING THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR OMITTED IMPEDIMENT: THE RISK ASSESSMENT AND THE POSSIBLE DRIFT TOWARDS HYPOTHESIS OF OBJECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY. IN PARTICULAR, THE PREPARATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT AND THE ACCIDENT PREVENTION MEASURES.

19) RESPONSIBILITY OF THE EMPLOYER AND ITS EXCLUSION IN CASE OF ABNORMAL CONDUCT OF THE WORKER. CASE LAW.

20) SAFETY ON CONSTRUCTION SITES: THE DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY IN THE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE CLIENT, THE CONTRACTOR, THE DESIGN COORDINATOR, THE EXECUTION COORDINATOR AND THE WORKS MANAGER.

21) ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE MODEL REFERRED TO IN LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 81 OF 2008 AND THE MODEL REFERRED TO IN LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 231/2001.

22) INTRODUCTION: THE EMPLOYER'S OWN CRIMES AND THE CRIMES OF OTHER SUBJECTS. ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENCES PROVIDED FOR IN THE PENAL CODE: FAILURE TO ADOPT PRECAUTIONS, ARTICLES. 437 AND 451 ITALIAN CRIMINAL CODE. CASE LAW.

23) HOMICIDE AND INJURY, ALSO WITH REFERENCE TO ART. 25-SEPTIES OF LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 231/2001. CASE LAW.

24) MURDER AND INJURY AS CONSEQUENCES OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES: THE ETERNIT CASE AND THE PETROCHEMICAL OF PORTO MARGHERA CASE. FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSAL LINK.

25) THE THYSSEN KRUPP CASE.

26) ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF CONTRAVENTIONS CONCERNING  THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROVIDED FOR IN THE LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 81 OF 2008: FAILURE TO ASSESS RISKS AND TO PREPARE THE RISK ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 55; FAILURE TO CONSULT THE WORKERS' SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE; FAILURE TO REWORK THE RISK ASSESSMENT; FAILURE TO APPOINT THE PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION SERVICE. CONTRIBUTING TO THE OFFENCES.

27. MENTION OF THE CASES PROVIDED FOR IN THE WORKERS' STATUTE.  RELATIONSHIP WITH ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES. SANCTIONING REGIME FOR THE CRIMINAL OFFENCES ANALYSED, SPECIFIC CAUSES OF EXTINCTION OF THE OFFENCES, FACILITATED EXTINCTION.

28) SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION OF THE COURSE.

Constitutional law

Knowledge and understanding

• legitimation of criminal law policy and the purpose of the penalty and criminal policy
• the General principles of criminal law
• the rules and institutions of criminal law
• relations with European and international systems

Ability to apply knowledge and understanding

• to research, understanding, appling the criminal legislation

Autonomy of judgement

• assess and manage the complexity of legislation and case law

Making judgements

• offer elements for interpreting and creating law

Communication skills

• write comments on judgments and legal opinions 
• application adapting to legislative reforms and jurisprudential and doctrinal changes,

Learning skills

• Basics for permanent updating

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Lessons, exercises, seminars.

Teaching

Lessons, Mind Mapping 3D, guided discussions (Socratic method), tutorials, videos, papers on jurisprudential issues (maximum 4 pages), moot court.

Attendance

Participation in lectures, seminars, tutorials, conferences.

Course books

On the general principles of criminal liability see:

• G. FLORA, Appunti di diritto penale, CEDAM, ult. ed. 

With reference to the special part, see:

• Castronuovo, Curi, Tordini Cagli, Torre, Valentini, Sicurezza sul lavoro: profili penali, Giappichelli, ult. ed.
• or  R. Blaiotta, Diritto penale e sicurezza del lavoro, Giappichelli, ult. ed.

For further information, law, jurisprudence: (downloading for free): 

•  A. Bondi, Legislatore dalla triste figura, UUP, 2019

Assessment

The examination consists of a written test and an oral test.

Written test (multiple-choice test) to verify the knowledge of the basic fundamentals and to offer a gradual approach to passing the exam (you must answer exactly at least 5 questions out of a total of 6).

Oral test to verify the necessary preparation through the reasoned explanation of the institutions and the links between them, also assessing the achievement of an adequate expressive capacity and organization of speech (three questions or more in 'double passage': member of the commission and professor in criminal law).

Attendees can take an intermediate test (pre-appeal) covering the entire course, with the exception of the penalty part and European criminal law. The test will take place the week before the official appeals. In the same week, a review of the main topics carried out during the course (crash course) will be offered.

During the intermediate test, the participants will also be able to discuss in Moot court (comparison in a simulated process) the pro veritate (Definition) opinion they have elaborated (max 4 pages) on a subject of judgment. The pro veritate opinion will be assigned by March and must be delivered one month before the intermediate test. The written opinion will be corrected. During the course, seminars will be offered to improve your written and oral presentation skills. Written and oral presentation will be evaluated, increasing the final grade from 0 to 3 points.

The evaluation criteria and the scale of marks are as follows:

• less than 18/30: competence level insufficient. The student doesn’t reach the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.
• 18-20: competence level sufficient. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.
• 21-23: competence level satisfactory. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding” and in “applied knowledge and understanding”.
• 24-26: competence level good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding” and “making judgments”.
• 27-29: competence level very good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “communication skills”.
• 30-30 with honours: competence level excellent. The student fully attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “learning skills”.
•  

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Lessons, exercises, seminars.

Attendance

None

Course books

On the general principles of criminal liability see:

• G. FLORA, Appunti di diritto penale, CEDAM, ULTIMA EDIZIONE, 110 pp. 

With reference to the special part, see:

• Castronuovo, Curi, Tordini Cagli, Torre, Valentini, Sicurezza sul lavoro: profili penali, Giappichelli, Torino, 2019 (not the 4th Part l).

For further information we recommend reading:

• ZOPPOLI, P. PASCUCCI, G. NATULLO (edited by) Le nuove regole per la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori, 2nd edition, IPSOA, 2010, only pp. 217-244 and 545- 605;
• T. PADOVANI, Il nuovo volto del diritto penale del lavoro, in Riv. trim. dir.pen. econ., 1996, pp. 1157-1171;
• D. PULITANÒ, Igiene e sicurezza del lavoro (tutela penale), in Dig. disc. pen., vol. VI, 2006, 102-118.

Assessment

Oral test. The oral interview procedure allows the student to assess in the most complete way, as well as his communicative ability, the acquisition of the analytical and critical skills required of the student in view of the complexity of the issues and arguments covered by the course for which he must demonstrate knowledge and understanding.

The expected learning outcomes will be assessed by formulating three or more questions. The evaluation criteria and scores are determined according to the following scale:

• less than 18/30 - insufficient level: the candidate does not achieve any of the learning outcomes foreseen under 'knowledge and understanding';
• 18-20/30 - Sufficient level: the applicant achieves, in particular, the learning outcomes specified under 'knowledge and understanding';
• 21-23/30 - fully adequate level: the applicant achieves, in particular, the learning outcomes specified under 'knowledge and understanding skills' and 'applied knowledge and understanding skills';
• 24-26/30 - Good level: the candidate achieves, in particular, the learning outcomes specified under 'knowledge and understanding skills', 'applied knowledge and understanding skills' and 'independent judgement';
• 27-29/30 - very good level: the candidate achieves, in particular, the learning outcomes specified under 'knowledge and understanding skills'; 'applied knowledge and understanding skills'; 'autonomy of judgment' and 'communication skills';
• 30-30 cum laude - excellent level: the candidate fully achieves the learning outcomes foreseen in the points 'knowledge and understanding skills'; 'applied knowledge and understanding skills'; 'autonomy of judgment'; 'communication skills' and 'learning ability'.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

The Olympus Observatory is active in the Department for the permanent monitoring of legislation and jurisprudence on safety in the workplace. It carries out various activities including, in particular:

• the management of a website with legislative, jurisprudential and contractual databases on safety at work
• in-depth studies and articles, specialist reviews and thematic "focus"
• the management of an online scientific journal – I Working Papers di Olympus, changed to Diritto della sicurezza sul lavoro (DSL) – in the field of safety law in the workplace, and equipped with an ISSN code, which makes use of a large international scientific committee and reference procedures for the identification of essays to be published
• the organization of conferences and seminars, including international ones.

This Observatory, whose website is freely accessible to all in a logic of public service, allows students to find materials and documentation useful for their studies and the drafting of degree theses. It also offers, through the aforementioned meetings and seminars, the opportunity to meet with leading experts in the field and to analyze in depth the most sensitive issues related to it.http://olympus.uniurb.it/