A 'joint degree' or a 'double degree' represent two possible outcomes to an 'integrated' course of study. An integrated study programme envisages a curriculum that has been jointly designed by two universities and is regulated by a specific negotiated agreement. Students who freely choose the programme undertake defined periods of study in both academic establishments in terms of duration and content. At the end of the courses and after the relevant joint examinations, the students are awarded either a single qualification jointly signed by the academic authorities of both institutions (joint degree) or the final national qualifications of both institutions (double degree).