The aim of the course is to provide to the students with theoretical-practical knowledge to the design and synthesis of pharmacologically active molecules, and the modern approaches used for their isolation from natural sources

Practical exercises in the laboratory of chemical synthesis dedicated to the preparation, work-up, and purification of organic substances of pharmaceutical interest and to the extraction and isolation of compounds from natural sources.

-  synthetic strategies: equipment for chemical reactions, control of reaction temperature, addition of reagents, magnetic and mechanical stirring, eventual use of inert gases; follow the progress of the reaction (TLC) and evaluate the effect of reaction parameters and experimental protocols in the reaction outcome.

-  Reaction processing: filtration, extraction, organic solution drying, removing the solvent.

-  Purification of a crude reaction mixture (Separation, purification and identification of reaction products): Acid-Base extraction, crystallization, simple and fractional distillation under atmospheric pressure and vacuum, preparative TLC and column chromatography.

-  General methods for the preparation of herbal extracts

In order to attend the laboratory practice and acquire the frequency signature, it is necessary to have passed the exam of Organic Chemistry I and attended the laboratory practice of Drug Analysis II.

In order to take the exam it is necessary to acquire the signature of attendance and have passed the examinations of Organic Chemistry I, Drug Analysis I and Drug Analysis II

1. Knowledge and undertanding: Knowledge of modern extraction and synthetic methodologies applied to the synthesis/isolation of pharmacologically active molecules.

2. Ability to apply knowledge and underastanding: Ability to suitably design a synthetic procedure, identifying the critical issues and proposing methods for their resolution. The student will also be able to isolate and purify the substances of interest from the reaction mixture or from plant matrices.

3. Communication skills: Upon completion of this educational activity, the student will be able to correctly write a synthetic report The student will also be able to discuss and argue the topics covered during the course by using proper scientific terms.

4. Making judgments: At the end of the course, the student must be able to correctly design the synthetic procedure for the desired compound, starting literature information, and to use the suitable equipement.

5. Learning skills: At the end of the course the student will be able to independently find and learn new scientific information sources relating to the synthesis and isolation of organic compounds. The student will also acquire the ability to synthesize and link the diferent topics discussed with the related disciplines.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

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Teaching

 practical exercises in the laboratory of chemical synthesis (5 cfu)

Attendance

Attendance at laboratory practice is mandatory in order to acquire the attendance signature and be able to take the exam.

Course books

Course books (Altenative)

L.Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz “Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques”. Limited to the topics discussed during the lessons

Techniques in organic chemistry: Miniscale, Standard Taper Microscale, and Williamson Microscale. J. R. Mohrig, C. N. Hammond, P. F. Schatz. Limited to the topics discussed during the lessons.

Reference book

Vogel's Textbook of practical organic chemistry. Longman Scientific and Techical.

Assessment

The verification of the learning outcomes takes place through:

a) In itinere evaluations on the aptitude, results and progress obtained by the student from a technical-practical point of view in the common synthetic and extractive procedures dealt with during the practical exercises. These assessments take into account the behavior held in the laboratory and the acquisition of an autonomous practice and judgment capacity of the proposed experiences.

b) A written test, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes, which consists in solving five exercises that follow the typology of those carried out in the classroom by the teacher. Passing the written test is necessary in order to access the oral test.

c) An oral test lasting 20-30 minutes, consisting of questions regarding both theoretical and practical aspects relating to the issues addressed during the course, and aimed at certifying the level of their knowledge and understanding reached by the student.

The written test and the oral test are aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student on the theoretical/practical contents indicated in the program. Questions are asked relating both to the design of an adequate synthetic sequence and in reference to the isolation and purification techniques of the products considered. Expository skills and connection skills with other preparatory topics are also assessed.

The final grade, which takes into account the results of the written and oral tests, is expressed in thirties and reflects the overall evaluation of the candidate.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Video tutorials preparatory to practical exercises in the laboratory are available on the moodle platform

Attendance

The laboratory attendance is mandatory

Course books

Course books (Altenative)

L.Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz “Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques”. Limited to the topics discussed during the lessons

Techniques in organic chemistry: Miniscale, Standard Taper Microscale, and Williamson Microscale. J. R. Mohrig, C. N. Hammond, P. F. Schatz. Limited to the topics discussed during the lessons.

Reference book

Vogel's Textbook of practical organic chemistry. Longman Scientific and Techical.

Assessment

The verification of the learning outcomes takes place through:

a) In itinere evaluations on the aptitude, results and progress obtained by the student from a technical-practical point of view in the common synthetic and extractive procedures dealt with during the practical exercises. These assessments take into account the behavior held in the laboratory and the acquisition of an autonomous practice and judgment capacity of the proposed experiences.

b) A written test, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes, which consists in solving five exercises that follow the typology of those carried out in the classroom by the teacher. Passing the written test is necessary in order to access the oral test.

c) An oral test lasting 20-30 minutes, consisting of questions regarding both theoretical and practical aspects relating to the issues addressed during the course, and aimed at certifying the level of their knowledge and understanding reached by the student.

The written test and the oral test are aimed at ascertaining the level of knowledge and understanding achieved by the student on the theoretical/practical contents indicated in the program. Questions are asked relating both to the design of an adequate synthetic sequence and in reference to the isolation and purification techniques of the products considered. Expository skills and connection skills with other preparatory topics are also assessed.

The final grade, which takes into account the results of the written and oral tests, is expressed in thirties and reflects the overall evaluation of the candidate.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.