Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo / Portale Web di Ateneo


NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHIMICA DELLA NUTRIZIONE

A.Y. Credits
2024/2025 6
Lecturer Email Office hours for students
Laura Chiarantini
Teaching in foreign languages
Course partially taught in a foreign language English
This course is taught partially in Italian and partially in a foreign language. Study materials can be provided in the foreign language and the final exam can be taken in the foreign language.

Assigned to the Degree Course

Nutritional Biology (LM-6)
Curriculum: Percorso comune
Date Time Classroom / Location
Date Time Classroom / Location

Learning Objectives

The course aims to provide the student with the basic biochemical and nutritional elements for understanding the role of nutrients contained in foods commonly used in human nutrition. It also intends to provide the basis for understanding the main nutritional-based metabolic dysfunctions.

Program

  • Food and Nutrition: Definition and significance of the terms. Nutritional principles. Nutritional standards and dietary guidelines. LARN, safety ranges, and adequate intake levels of foods, and the food pyramid. Definition of food and food categories. Macronutrients and micronutrients. Digestive system.
  • Carbohydrates: Main dietary carbohydrates and their energy value. Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and their biochemical significance. Insulin, Glucagon, and Adrenaline. Sweeteners. Role of available carbohydrates. Lactose intolerance. Starch retrogradation. Dietary fiber: solubility, viscosity, and fermentability. Positive and negative effects of fibers. Recommended intake levels. Food sources. Dietary fiber and health.
  • Lipids: Main dietary lipids and their energy value. Nutritionally important fatty acids: saturated and unsaturated, essential fatty acids, trans fatty acids. Lipid requirements. Mobilization of triacylglycerol stores. Dietary cholesterol and endogenous cholesterol: cholesterol balance in the body. Transport of cholesterol and other lipids by plasma lipoproteins. Thermogenesis. Regulation of gene expression for lipogenic enzymes induced by a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  • Proteins: Nutritional significance and energy value. Amino acids: functional, nutritional, and metabolic classification. Metabolic fates of amino acids: glucogenic, ketogenic, and mixed amino acids. Protein turnover. Nutritional value of proteins and regulation of nitrogen balance. Complementation of dietary proteins. Protein requirements. Celiac disease.
  • Water: Exogenous and endogenous water. Water requirements. Total body water content. Body water losses. Water balance alterations. Water as a nutrient.
  • Ethanol: Alcoholic beverages. Absorption and distribution of ethanol. Ethanol metabolism: alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, microsomal system, catalase. Metabolic alterations induced by ethanol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Alcohol and pregnancy. Methanol.
  • Metabolic Regulation: Distribution of energy reserves. Metabolic regulation in the liver. Muscle, heart, kidney, brain, adipose tissue. Hormonal regulation. Metabolic adaptations in caloric restriction and fasting. Hormonal regulation during fasting.
  • Food Toxicity: Xenobiotics and their metabolism. Detoxification mechanisms. Cytochrome P450. Compounds with negative effects. Antinutrients and toxic molecules in natural foods. Basics of food-drug interactions.
  • Practical laboratory exercises will include the determination of flavonoids and polyphenols in plant extracts.

    Bridging Courses

    The student is expected to have a solid foundation in Biochemistry and Physiology, particularly in the chemistry and classification of the main nutritional molecules (Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins), their metabolism, and the processes of digestion and absorption of macronutrients and micronutrients.

    There are no formal prerequisites; however, it is strongly recommended that the student has already completed:

    Medical Biochemistry

    Nutrition Physiology

    Learning Achievements (Dublin Descriptors)

    D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

    In order to pass this course, the student must demonstrate that he has acquired knowledge about:

    -composition, nutritional value and biochemical significance of foods;

    -interactions between food components major and minor (macronutrients, vitamins, phytochemicals, oligonutrients, fibers, etc.);

    -relationship between diet, nutrition and health, based on an understanding of the specific metabolic role of the different classes of nutrients and bioactive compounds present in foods.

    D2-APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

    The student must demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and theories provided by the course.

    D3-MAKING JUDGEMENTS

    The student must demonstrate that he must be able to:

    -transfer to scientific contexts the theoretical information acquired in the course, in order to get useful goods and services;

    -valorize food containing bioactive compounds designed to prevent diseases of high social impact typical of industrialized countries;

    -analyze, discuss and perform simple correlations of data or assumptions.

    D4-COMMUNICATION

    In order to play a proper nutritional information the student must demonstrate the ability to:

    -use a proper and specific language and also the knowledge to support interdisciplinary arguments

    -discuss and communicate the effects of metabolic factors on food quality and safety and their impact on health.

    D5-LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS

    The student must be able to consult and understand scientific texts, bibliographic updates, current normative, in order to employ them in unusual contexts for the profession and for research. 

    Teaching Material

    The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

    Supporting Activities

    The teaching material prepared by the teacher in addition to the recommended texts can be found on the Moodle platform


    Teaching, Attendance, Course Books and Assessment

    Teaching

    Frontal lessons

    The teaching will be integrated with international scientific publications on topics of particular interest in the field of teaching.

    Innovative teaching methods
    Attendance

    Attendance at lessons is not compulsory, but it is strongly recommended.

    Course books

    Recommended texts to choose from:

    U.LEUZZI, E. BELLOCCO, D.BARRECA, Biochimica della Nutrizione. Zanichelli Editore, 2013.

    G.ARIENTI, le basi molecolari della nutrizione. PICCIN editore 2016.

    Assessment

    The learning outcomes will be ascertained through an oral interview; the choice of this method of assessment is considered by the teacher the most suitable for evaluating the knowledge acquired and the student's ability to analyze the assimilated concepts in a logical and critical way. The oral interview will have an average duration of about 30 minutes and will begin with a topic chosen by the student, followed by further questions that will focus on topics covered in the course to verify the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the objectives. formative previously indicated. Particular emphasis will be given both to the exhibition skills in terms of appropriate terminology and to the logical skills. The evaluation is expressed out of thirty and for the determination of the grade the teacher will take into account: knowledge of the topics, exposure, reasoning ability and connection between metabolic processes

    Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

    Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

    To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

    Additional Information for Non-Attending Students

    Teaching

    Non-attending students will have the same teaching material as attending students (slides and additional teaching material) available in order to achieve the objectives of the course

    Course books

    Recommended texts to choose from:

    U.LEUZZI, E. BELLOCCO, D.BARRECA, Biochimica della Nutrizione. Zanichelli Editore, 2013.

    G.ARIENTI, le basi molecolari della nutrizione. PICCIN editore 2016.

    Assessment

    The learning outcomes will be ascertained through an oral interview; the choice of this method of assessment is considered by the teacher the most suitable for evaluating the knowledge acquired and the student's ability to analyze the assimilated concepts in a logical and critical way. The oral interview will have an average duration of about 30 minutes and will begin with a topic chosen by the student, followed by further questions that will focus on topics covered in the course to verify the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the objectives. formative previously indicated. Particular emphasis will be given both to the exhibition skills in terms of appropriate terminology and to the logical skills. The evaluation is expressed out of thirty and for the determination of the grade the teacher will take into account: knowledge of the topics, exposure, reasoning ability and connection between metabolic processes

    Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

    Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

    To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

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