The course aims to provide students with knowledge about the prevention of health, with particular reference to the determinants of health and to the acquisition of the necessary tools for the identification of the "risk factors" in the environment, and the identification of strategies for their control and prevention. The student will also have the opportunity to know the issues related to the contamination of water, air, and those related to waste management.

1. Definition and purpose of Hygiene
Health concept
-health promotion.
-health determinants.
Risk analysis
-risk assessment;
-risk characterization.
Epidemiological studies
-descriptive epidemiology
-analytical epidemiology
-experimental epidemiology
Epidemiology of infectious diseases
-reservoir;
-sources;
-chain of infection;
-modes of occurrence of diseases.
Molecular epidemiology
-biomarkers;
-tools of molecular epidemiology
-genetic polymorphisms;
-genetic testing screening.
Epidemiology of chronic diseases
-causes and causal factors;
-risk factors;
-monocausal and multifactorial diseases.
2.General notions of prevention
-primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
Prevention of chronic diseases
Prevention of infectious diseases
-sterilization and disinfection;
-asepsis and antisepsis;
-immune prevention.
3.Air pollution and public health
Atmospheric air pollution
-sources of pollution;
-types of pollutants;
-factors which contribute to air pollution;
-smog, acid rain and relations with human health;
-particulate as an indicator of air quality.
Indoor pollution
-pollution sources;
-chemical, physical and biological agents of polluting;
-diseases related to buildings.
4.Water pollution and public health
-waters for drinking;
-water needs;
-sources of supply;
-judgment of drinking water;
-water purification systems.
-epidemiology of water-widespread diseases.
5.Principles of food hygiene
-chemical and microbiological risk
-food-borne diseases;
-risk analysis and HACCP.
6.Waste management and public health
- municipal solid waste: waste management, composting; incineration; landfill.
- hygienic phenomena arising from waste disposal.

Adequate knowledge of General Microbiology and Hygiene general.

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Expected Results:
At the end of this educational activity, the student will have capacity to illustrate the principles of general hygiene, the factors that affect the health of the individual and community health, hygiene standards and methods of prevention. In particular it will have acquired skills for identifying and understanding the interactions environment -health and acquisition of basic scientific knowledge regarding the nature of environmental health issues.

D2 -APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Expected Results:
The student will be able to apply their knowledge to assess and quantify pathological events and risk factors with positive and negative effects on health; in particular it will have acquired skills of application of methodological techniques in the field of monitoring and environmental prevention.

D3-MAKING JUDGMENTS
Expected Results:
The student must be able to critically analyze the content relating to approaches to the prevention of various diseases, proving to be able to interpret the results of epidemiological studies and to be able to propose appropriate preventive interventions; He must also have reached conscious independence of judgment in relation to the evaluation and interpretation of the test results and the ability to comparison with literature data.

D4-COMMUNICATION SKILL
Expected Results:
The student will be able to express ideas clearly using appropriate terminology, however, in relation to issues of health promotion with particular reference to those concerned with the health of the environment.

D5-LEARNING SKILLS
Expected Results:
The student will have acquired adequate knowledge tools for deepening and continuous updating of knowledge being able to properly use the available databases.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

The educational tools used for the development of such knowledge are represented by lectures and seminars on topics agreed with students.

Course books

Gilli G.:Professione Igienista: manuale dell'igiene ambientale e del territorio. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2010.

Signorelli C.: Igiene edilizia ed ambientale, Società Editrice Universo, 2° ediz., 2004.
Bellante De Martis G., D'Arca S.U., Fara G.M., Signorelli C., Simonetti A., Manuale di Igiene Ambientale, Soc. Ed. Universo, Roma.

Assessment

The final exam will be oral and will aim to test the knowledge acquired; It will be assessed also the ability to relate the various topics of the course (descriptors 1 and 2), communication skills (descriptor 4) and the ability to solve practical problems (3 and 5).

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.