MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE
| A.Y. | Credits |
|---|---|
| 2016/2017 | 8 |
| Lecturer | Office hours for students | |
|---|---|---|
| Marzia Bianchi | Previous appointment by phone or email |
| Teaching in foreign languages |
|---|
|
Course with optional materials in a foreign language
English
This course is entirely taught in Italian. Study materials can be provided in the foreign language and the final exam can be taken in the foreign language. |
Assigned to the Degree Course
| Date | Time | Classroom / Location |
|---|
Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of the course are intended to introduce students to basic Molecular Biology, i.e. the study of genes and their activities at molecular level. The topics covered include DNA replication, repair, transcription, protein synthesis, as well as genetic recombination. Special attention will be paid to the multiple mechanisms regulating gene expression in both bacteria and eukaryotes, with an in depth look to some rapidly evolving fields, like epigenetic regulation and the role of different types of non-coding RNAs. In the next section, lectures will emphasize the theoretical basis of the most common techniques used by molecular biologists for the analysis of gene expression.
Program
1. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
1.1 Discovery of DNA as the genetic material.
1.2 Chemistry of nucleic acids.
1.3 Primary, secondary and tertiary structures of DNA and their properties.
1.4 DNA topology.
1.5 RNA: structure and function (ribozymes).
2. DNA replication
2.1 General features and enzymology.
2.2 Replication of bacterial genome.
2.3 Replication of mitochondrial DNA.
2.4 Replication of viral genomes.
2.5 Replication of eukaryotic genome and cell cycle.
3. DNA damage and repair
3.1 Types and consequences of DNA damage.
3.2 Endogenous and exogenous (environmental) damages.
3.3 DNA repair: directly undoing DNA damage; excision repair (BER; NER; TC-NER); recombination repair; mismatch repair; double-strand break (DSB) repair.
4. DNA restructuring (molecular mechanisms)
4.1 Homologous recombination.
4.2 Site-specific recombination.
4.3 Transposition.
5. RNA synthesis from DNA templates: transcription
5.1 General features and key players of transcription: RNA polymerases; promoters.
5.2 The mechanism of transcription in bacteria: initiation, elongation, termination.
5.3 Transcription in eukaryotes: RNA polymerases and their promoters; transcription factors.
5.4 Messenger RNA processing: splicing; capping; polyadenylation; editing.
5.5 Ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA processing.
5.6 RNA degradation.
6. From RNA to proteins: translation
6.1 Genetic code.
6.2 Structure and function of the major participants in translation: mRNA; tRNA; ribosomes.
6.3 The mechanism of translation in bacteria: initiation, elongation and termination.
6.4 Translation in eukaryotes.
6.5 Protein folding, post-translational modification and trafficking.
7. Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes
7.1 The operon model: Lac operon; Trp operon. Negative and positive control of transcription; transcriptional attenuation.
7.2 Gene regulation of phage lambda lytic and lysogenic cycles.
7.3 Translational control.
7.4 Riboswitches.
7.5 The CRISPR cas system.
8. Structure and function of genes in higher eukaryotes
8.1 Different layers of gene expression regulation.
8.2 Regulation at genomic level: selective alterations of DNA; chromatin remodelling; post-translational modifications of histones (histone code).
8.3 Transcriptional regulation: enhancers; silencers; gene-specific transcription factors.
8.4 Post-transcriptional regulation: processing, export, translation and stability of mRNA.
8.5 Regulation by small non-coding RNAs: microRNAs; siRNAs; PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs).
9. Techniques for gene expression analysis
9.1 In situ hybridization.
9.2 Northern blotting.
9.3 Ribonuclease protection assay (RPA).
9.4 Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.
9.5 Real-time PCR.
9.6 Microarrays.
Bridging Courses
None.
Learning Achievements (Dublin Descriptors)
After completing the course, students will need to show:
- to have acquired a good knowledge of the key principles and basic mechanisms of molecular biology;
- a deep understanding and ability to discuss of topics related to gene expression, DNA replication and repair, genome and chromatin structure, regulatory RNAs;
- to have learned the multilayer regulatory mechanisms underlying gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;
- to have become familiar with the mainstream molecular biology techniques employed for analysis of gene expression and their application;
- to possess the ability to independently increase basic knowledge of newly emerging fields of molecular biology.
Teaching Material
The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it
Supporting Activities
One practical experience will be planned during the course.
Teaching, Attendance, Course Books and Assessment
- Teaching
Lectures.
One practical experience will be planned during the course.
- Attendance
Students must attend the lab hours.
- Course books
- J.D. Watson, T.A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine, R. Losick. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE DEL GENE, Zanichelli, 2015.
- F. Amaldi, P. Benedetti, G. Pesole, P. Plevani. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2014.
- N. L. Craig, O. Cohen-Fix, R. Green, C. W. Greider, G. Storz, C. Wolberger. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, Principi di funzionamento del genoma, Pearson, 2013.
Supplementary books:
- D. Clark, N. Pazdernik. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 2nd Ed. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2012.
- R. F. Weaver. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Scientific articles (reviews) will be indicated during the course.
- Assessment
Oral examination.
- Disabilità e DSA
Le studentesse e gli studenti che hanno registrato la certificazione di disabilità o la certificazione di DSA presso l'Ufficio Inclusione e diritto allo studio, possono chiedere di utilizzare le mappe concettuali (per parole chiave) durante la prova di esame.
A tal fine, è necessario inviare le mappe, due settimane prima dell’appello di esame, alla o al docente del corso, che ne verificherà la coerenza con le indicazioni delle linee guida di ateneo e potrà chiederne la modifica.
Additional Information for Non-Attending Students
- Teaching
Lectures.
One practical experience will be planned during the course.
- Attendance
Students must attend the lab hours.
- Course books
- J.D. Watson, T.A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine, R. Losick. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE DEL GENE, Zanichelli, 2015.
- F. Amaldi, P. Benedetti, G. Pesole, P. Plevani. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2014.
- N. L. Craig, O. Cohen-Fix, R. Green, C. W. Greider, G. Storz, C. Wolberger. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, Principi di funzionamento del genoma, Pearson, 2013.
Supplementary books:
- D. Clark, N. Pazdernik. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 2nd Ed. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2012.
- R. F. Weaver. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE, McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Scientific articles (reviews) will be indicated during the course.
- Assessment
Oral examination.
- Disabilità e DSA
Le studentesse e gli studenti che hanno registrato la certificazione di disabilità o la certificazione di DSA presso l'Ufficio Inclusione e diritto allo studio, possono chiedere di utilizzare le mappe concettuali (per parole chiave) durante la prova di esame.
A tal fine, è necessario inviare le mappe, due settimane prima dell’appello di esame, alla o al docente del corso, che ne verificherà la coerenza con le indicazioni delle linee guida di ateneo e potrà chiederne la modifica.
Notes
The student can request to sit the final exam in English with an alternative bibliography.
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