The course aims to provide the student with the necessary skills to understand the evolution of criminal law in its historical-legal context.
In particular, after the completion of the course, students should be able to:
1. understand the elements that characterize the function of criminal law from its origins
2.  understand the social function of criminal law and the causes of its origins
3. understand the role the main institutes of Roman law played in defining Roman criminal law and the criminal trial of the time
4. grasp the peculiarities of Roman criminal law with respect to the successive developments
5. acquire the ability to place the various topics in a proper diachronic perspective, by distinguishing the differences and continuities with the current penal and criminal trial in a comparative framework
6. appreciate the repressive purpose of criminal law in its respective historical context.
At the end of the course, the student must be able to understand the fundamental legal and social issues that arose during the period of Archaic and Republican criminal law, which was the basis of the discipline in effect during these centuries, and even in its historical evolution.

The program is articulated in a first part of a general nature that wants to introduce the student to a critical study of law and criminal process in relation to the characteristics of Roman society. It will last for 15 hours and will cover the following topics:
-the Roman society of the origins and Republican period
-Constitutions and magistrature (in detail, the repression at the time of the XII Tables, the jurisdiction of the 'duoviri perduellionis').
The second part, 19 hours, will focus on:
-the main crimes (in particular, 'crimen falsi' and Murder)
-criminal proceedings and criminal Law

None

Knowledge and understanding:
At the end of the course the student will acquire the basic knowledge of the Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure of the Roman Age; the ability to grasp the social reasons behind the penal sanctions; the knowledge of the principal institutes of the law and of the criminal procedure held in a historical perspective.
Applying knowledge and understanding:
The student will be able to understand and interpret juridical cases related to the offense commission, identifying the motivation behind the solution.
Making judgements:
The student will have acquired the critical capacity needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the criminal law in Roman antiquity and the diverse processualistic regulation over time.
Communication skills:
The student will be able to communicate the contents of the course, arguing in writing and oral, critically the motivations of the private and public interest in the foreseeing of a more complex system of criminal regulation, knowing how to use a correct language and using examples suitable.
Learning skills:
The student will be able to study independently, obtaining materials that he considers useful to supplement his preparation. It will critically evaluate the social phenomena that may give rise to criminal norms, placing them exactly in their historical perspective, reconstructing discipline and contexts.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Any further teaching activities will be communicated during the course

Teaching

Frontal lessons and working class. 

Additional learning material might be included on the Moodle platform.

Attendance

Attendance on the student's part is not compulsory, but highly recommended. Students are required to work deligently and to participate in group activities. 

Course books

B. SANTALUCIA, STUDI DI DIRITTO PENALE ROMANO, Roma 1994.

Assessment

The expected learning results will be evaluated by means of an oral exam, based on three questions or more. The evaluation criteria and the scale of marks are as follows:

less than 18/30: competence level insufficient. The student doesn’t reach the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.

18-20/30: competence level sufficient. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.

21-23/30: competence level satisfactory. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding” and in “applied knowledge and understanding”.

24-26/30: competence level good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding” and “making judgments”.

27-29/30: competence level very good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “communication skills”.

30-30 with honours: competence level excellent. The student fully attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “learning skills”.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

In-depth material will be included on the Moodle platform

Attendance

The student is required to work independently and diligently

Course books

B. SANTALUCIA, STUDI DI DIRITTO PENALE ROMANO, Roma 1994.

Assessment

The expected learning results will be evaluated by means of an oral exam, based on three questions or more. The evaluation criteria and the scale of marks are as follows:

less than 18/30: competence level insufficient. The student doesn’t reach the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.

18-20/30: competence level sufficient. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”.

21-23/30: competence level satisfactory. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding” and in “applied knowledge and understanding”.

24-26/30: competence level good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding” and “making judgments”.

27-29/30: competence level very good. In particular, the student attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “communication skills”.

30-30 with honours: competence level excellent. The student fully attains the learning results described in “knowledge and understanding”, “applied knowledge and understanding”, “making judgments” and “learning skills”.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Students who wish so may take the exam in English, and study the following text, in its entirety: 

O. F. ROBINSON, THE CRIMINAL LAW OF ANCIENT ROME, J. Hopkins University Press, 2000.