to learn more on genome and the mechanisms that regulate its activity in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; to introduce the main techniques used in the laboratory to manipulate nucleic acid for practical application in medical, pharmaceutical, industrial and vegetable field.

DNA: primary, secondary and tertiary structure. DNA conformations.

Chromatin, Genes and Genomes: DNA anatomy and physical structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The Human Genome Project. the mithocondrial genome.

Genome Replication:The semiconservative model. The  replication fork and associated proteins. DNA polymerase. The telomere mainteinance.

Ripair and Recombination: Mutation types and their effects. Repair mechanisms of single base changes, structural distortions and double stranded breaks.

RNA: Genetic code.

Transcription: Transcription molecular mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; initiation, elongation and termination; RNA polymerases.

Eukaryotic RNA processing and maturation: Capping, polyadenilation and splicing; Alternative splicing; Trans-splicing; RNA editing.

Translation: Ribosome structure and assembly; Amynoacil -tRNA synthetases;Translation mechanism: initiation, elongation and termination;translation and post-translation control.

Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression: lac and trp operons.

Epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic gene expression: Histone modifications, euchromatin and heterochromatin; miRNA.

DNA recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning: Restriction Enzymes, lygases and plasmids in molecular cloning. Cell transformation. DNA libreries; Probes; Library screening; expression libreries: Recombinant drugs: Insulin and growth hormone; Recombinant vaccines. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs).

Genetic Modified Organisms: use in basic and applied research

The student must demonstrate having:

-the knowledge and ability to understand the discipline

- the ability to use acquired knowledge in biomedical or industrial realities to develope new compounds of pharmaceutical interest or in general in workplace and pharmaceutical sciences

- the ability to communicate the acquired knowledge to their colleagues and superiors

- the learning capacity useful for the continuous updating of knowledge in the discipline

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

frontal lessons

Attendance

Students should have acquired the knowledge of cell biology

Course books

Francesco Amaldi, Piero Benedetti, Graziano Pesole, Paolo Plevani: Biologia Molecolare Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Benijamin Lewin, Jocelyn E Krebs, Elliot Goldstein, Stephen T Kilpatrick: il gene X Casa Editrice Zanichelli

Assessment

The final examination consists of a writtten test which  evaluates the right understanding of the course content. Two in itinere   written tests replace the written final test.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.