The aim of the course is to provide students with a good understanding of the Biochemistry of nutrition and energy needs in different sports.

• Macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins, nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acids

• Carbohydrate metabolism. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, glycemic control, glucose transport in tissues, regulation of GLUT4, fate of glucose, oxidation of glucose, energy yield of glycolysis, fate of pyruvate in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, glycogen metabolism, glycogen synthesis, demolition glycogen, regulation of glycogen metabolism, fate of fructose, regulation of fructose metabolism, galactose metabolism

• Lipid metabolism. Digestion and absorption of lipids, plasma lipoproteins and their characteristics, metabolism of triacylglycerols in fat cells, lipid synthesis, lipolysis, regulation of lipolysis during physical activity and fasting, β-oxidation, β-oxidation of even-numbered fatty acids of carbon atoms, β-oxidation of monounsaturated fatty acids, β-oxidation of fatty acids with odd number of carbon atoms, β-oxidation energy balance.

• Chetonic bodies. Synthesis and catabolism of ketone bodies.

• Lipogenesis: synthesis of fatty acids, energy cost of fatty acid synthesis, lengthening of the fatty acid chain, production of unsaturated fatty acids, essential fatty acids, eicosanoids, cholesterol synthesis.

• Gluconeogenesis. de novo synthesis of glucose, regulation of gluconeogens, glucogenic molecules.

• Protein metabolism. Protein digestion and absorption, protein turnover, amino acid fate, amino acid catabolism, transamination, oxidative deamination, ammonia fate, BCAA catabolism, glucose-alanine cycle, creatine metabolism, spontaneous conversion of phosphocreatine to creatinine, carnitine metabolism

• Muscle energy metabolism during short high intensity exercises, phosphocreatine and creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzymes, creatine kinase regulation, regulation of ATP synthesis by glycogen metabolism, regulation of ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation metabolism, myokinase, nucleotide catabolism adenyls in exercise, intracellular energy charge, type I and II fiber responses, causes of fatigue in short high-intensity exercises, resynthesis of phosphocreatine.

• Intense physical exercise for a few minutes. Main energy substrates used in intense exercises lasting a few minutes, causes of fatigue in intense exercises lasting a few minutes, intracellular pH, lactate, post-exercise recovery, cool-down, Cori cycle, pyruvate transamination, intracellular buffers.

• Endurance physical exercise. Main energy substrates used in endurance exercise, aerobic power, energy metabolism in endurance activities, integration of the use of energy substrates, onset of fatigue in endurance activities.

• Biochemical adaptations induced by training in the various types of physical exercise.

• Effects of nutritional status in different types of physical exercise

None

Students will be able to understand and rework what they studied and will gradually acquire the ability to improve and deepen their knowledge. They also must be able to transform the knowledge into innovative and original proposals.

Students will acquire an autonomous judgment, a deep critical thinking and maturity to allow it to discriminate between proper nutrition and dietary regimes that are harmful to health

Students will attain the ability to put what they have learned into practice and be able to transfer to other speakers, in a clear and complete manner, the knowledge gained in both amateur and professional field.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

none

All materials used during the course is availabe on Moodle platform from the web site of the university

Teaching

Frontal lesson

Attendance

Knowledge of basilar Biochemistry

Course books

-The Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance. Second Edition.

Ronald J Maughan and Michael Gleeson

OXFORD University press

-Biochimica per le scienze motorie.

Curatore: Antonio Di Giulio, Amelia Fiorilli, Claudio Stefanelli

Editore: CEA

-Biochimica metabolica dello sport e dell'esercizio fisico.  Don MacLaren, James Morton

Curatore: Alberto Passi

Editore: Edi. Ermes

-Slides and other teaching materials are available on the moodle platform

Assessment

Oral examination consisting of an discussion aimed at verifying the adequacy of knowledge and skills on the biochemistry of nutrition and nutritional needs in different sports

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

The program and teaching materials are the same for both attending and non attending students

Course books

-The Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance. Second Edition.

Ronald J Maughan and Michael Gleeson

OXFORD University press

-Biochimica per le scienze motorie.

Curatore: Antonio Di Giulio, Amelia Fiorilli, Claudio Stefanelli

Editore: CEA

-Biochimica metabolica dello sport e dell'esercizio fisico.  Don MacLaren, James Morton

Curatore: Alberto Passi

Editore: Edi. Ermes

-Slides and other teaching materials are available on the moodle platform