The course is aimed at acquiring the theoretical principles on which the main analysis systems and their operating principles are based, as well as making the student aware of the potential of the main analytical methods in the various fields of application, in particular the pharmaceutical one

The course will address the following topics in the order below.

Quanlitativa analysis and quantitative analysis. Classification of quantitative methods of analysis: chemical and instrumental. Steps in a typical quantitative analysis.
Errors in chemical analysis: precision and accuracy. Bias: effects on analytical results, causes and revelation. Random errors: nature, statistical treatment. Standard deviation, confidence level. Blunders.
Aqueous solutions and their composition: acids and bases, anfiprotiche species, Strength of acids and bases, weak and strong electrolytes, acid-base theories. Chemical equilibrium: expression of the equilibrium constant.
Type of equilibrium constants used in Analytical Chemistry.
Effect of presence of electrolytes on chemical balances: ionic atmosphere, ionic strength. Activities and activity coefficients. Properties of activity coefficients , Debye and Huchel equation. Activity coefficients for the calculations in equilibrium.
Systematic method: mass balance, charge balance, pH calculation of solutions of strong acids and weak.
Acid-base equilibrium. Solutions of weak acids monorptic and diprotic: composition in function of pH and alpha values. Calculation of alpha values. Interpretation of graphs: variation of alpha values as a function of pH. Buffer solutions. Acid-base indicators. pH range of color change and his determination.
Solubility equilibrium: constant from the solubility product, effect of adding of common ion, pH, ionic strength and complex compound formation.
Complex compound: equilibrium: stability and instability constant.
Oxidation-reduction titrations : equilibrium: standard potential, Nernst equation, equilibrium constant.
Gravimetric analysis: operating phases, gravimetric factor. Expression of results.
Volumetric analysis: titration, titrant. standard solution . Equivalence point, end point , titration error. Indicators.
Acid-base titrations: strong acid-strong base and weak acid-strong. Conditions of titration and titration curves: concentration effect and completeness. Detection of end point with an indicator.
Precipitation titrations: argentometry. Titration curves: Effect of reactants concentration, effect of completeness. Detection of the end point with an indicator.
Complexometric titrations: Chemistry and properties of EDTA. Metal-EDTA formation constants. Conditional metal-ligand formation constants. Complexometric EDTA titration curves: Influence of pH on the end point of titration. detection of the end point with an Indicator: Eriochrome Black T
Redox titration: Redox titration curve.Equivalence point. Effect of the variables on the titration, curves completeness of the reaction. Detection of the end point with an indicator.
Instrumental chemical analysis. UV - Vis and IR spectrometry. Principles and foundations. Lambert - Beer law and its limitations. Instrumentation: single and dual beam spectrophotometers. Operating modes. Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Principles of solvents extraction . Chromatography. theory of chromatographic process. Chromatographic mechanisms. Classification techniques. Efficiency, selectivity, resolution.
Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography: Instrumentation and columns. Thin-layer chromatography.

- The student must show the possession of the mastery of basic knowledge related to the equilibriums in aqueous solution and apply to all analytical techniques that rely on them as the gravimetric and volumetric analysis. It must also possess the fundamental knowledge for understanding the most common instrumental analytical techniques (chromatography, spectroscopy).
- The student must show an understanding of the concepts and theories provided by the course; It must be able to propose the most suitable methods such as quantitative or analyzing samples of different typology.
- The student must show the possession of the ability to use knowledge and concepts that allow to reason according to the specific logic of the discipline. It must be able, in particular, to apply the theoretical knowledge to specific laboratory practices.

The student will have to demonstrate the ability to discussion of the course topics

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

Teaching is organized in lectures: the topics of the course will be treated with the help of Power Point presentations,

Course books

The topics covered in class will be explored by making use of the texts:

D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F. J. Holler, Chimica analitica, un'introduzione, Ed.SES
D.C. Harris, Chimica Analitica quantitativa, Zanichelli
R. Cozzi, P. Protti, T. Ruaro, Analisi chimica strumentale, Zanichelli

Assessment

The assessment of the overall preparation includes an oral test that allows to assess the degree of knowledge and understanding of the topics covered in the lesson, giving particular importance to the reasoning ability of the student. The student's ability to link the various topics covered during the Course will also be evaluated.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.