In 1931/32 Martin Heidegger held a course on the essence of truth, starting with an exposition of Plato's cave myth and an interpretation of Theaetetus. What seems like a normal comparison with the origins of the history of philosophy, however, takes place in a particularly controversial historical and political context: we are at the end of the Weimar Republic and at the dawn of the seizure of power by the Nazis. After immersing himself in the ideology of the German war and the subsequent conservative revolution, Heidegger - having in the meantime approached the National Socialist party - actually offers in his lectures a powerful but disturbing interpretation of Western history but also of politics and the revolution, concentrating on particular on the role of the intellectual avant-garde and providing a total destruction of any philosophical universalism.

The student will have to understand the historical and cultural context in which Heidegger's thought develops, the main themes that this thought proposes and the intertwining of philosophical reflection and political-social transformations.

At the same time, the fundamental stages of the history of contemporary philosophy, from the first half of the nineteenth century to the second half of the twentieth century, will be presented in class, through a reconstruction of the thought of the main authors and the main themes of this period.

0) Moments and authors in the history of contemporary philosophy from the 19th to the 20th century.

1) Heidegger and his time
2) The Second Thirty Years War and its presuppositions
3) The ideology of war
4) The post-war material and cultural crisis
4) The conservative revolution
5) Martin Heidegger
6) The lessons on Plato
7) Historical-political power and impotence of knowledge
8) The metaphysical direction of western history 348
9) Modern universalism as an "eradication" of the historical-political power of the West
10) Return to the essence of knowledge, metamorphosis of truth and historical "revolution"
11) Destruction of the modern subject, grounding and denial of human generality
12) Intellectual vanguards of the revolution and anthropological transformation

None.

In relation to the discipline and its specificities, the student must show:

Knowledge and understanding:
- Adequate and aware knowledge of the fundamental themes of contemporary philosophy presented in class and in-depth in textbooks and understanding of its fundamental concepts (see educational objectives);
- Adequate and aware knowledge of the historical and socio-political dynamics of the contemporary age exposed in class and in-depth in textbooks and understanding of the processes that have innervated them;
- Thorough understanding of the constituent elements of the philosophical reflection of the authors discussed in class and of the context in which it is placed.

Applied knowledge and understanding:
- Ability to orient and orient high school students in the twentieth century philosophical and political debate, as well as to understand how much of today's philosophy depends genealogically on the hermeneutical choices developed in the period between the two world wars.
Making judgments:
- Ability to take an autonomous position with respect to the main philosophical-political issues of contemporary debate and conflicts (universalism/particularism, emancipation/deemancipation...).

Communication skills:
Ability to explain, autonomously re-elaborate and make understood what has been learned in the forms suitable for a second level university level study and to argue in the forms suitable for teaching in high school; ability to explain in an original way the questions, aspects and fundamental principles of contemporary philosophy, in particular in relation to its political implications (universal/particular nexus, freedom/equality and the pair recognition/exclusion).

Ability to learn
- On the basis of the knowledge acquired through the course, the student must be able to autonomously construct research and in-depth studies and to understand which readings can help him in his independent growth.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Seminar by dr. Emiliano Alessandroni (10 hours).
In the second half of the semester, a formative (self)evaluation test will be carried out online, useful for the students in order to become aware of the level of understanding of the programs carried out and evaluate the degree of their preparation and the effectiveness of the method of studying the subject.

Teaching

Frontal lessons and seminar.

Attendance

None.

Course books

- Giuseppe Cambiano - Massimo Mori: Storia della filosofia contemporanea, Laterza, Roma/Bari 2014. The parts to be studied are the following, for a total of about 200 pages:
Schopenhauer 11-18; Restaurazione 28-43; Hegelismo 62-97; Comte 101-104; Spencer 123-126; Nietzsche 133-155; Neokantismo e storicismo 182-212; Croce Gentile Gramsci 239-275; Husserl 276-287; Freud 332-342; Rivoluzione conservatrice 350-356; Lukacs 360-365; Horkheimer e Adorno 373-375; Sartre 393-401.

Domenico Losurdo: La comunità, la morte, l'Occidente. Heidegger e l'ideologia della guerra, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 1991. The first 50 pages of this book should be studied while the remaining pages should be read.

- Stefano G. Azzarà: Essenza del sapere , metamorfosi della verità e distruzione del concetto universale di uomo nelle lezioni platoniche di Heidegger del 1931/32, in Id., Pensare la rivoluzione conservatrice, La città del Sole, Napoli 2000, pp. 337-392: 55 pp. da studiare. This text, no longer commercially available, will be made available in pdf by the teacher on the Blended platform.

- Martin Heidegger: L'essenza della verità. Sul mito della caverna e sul «Teeteto» di Platone, Adelphi, Milano 1997. Some parts of this book will be read which will be indicated in class and of which the teacher will provide the passages on the Blended platform.

Assessment

Oral examination. The exam aims to ascertain the student's ability to understand the educational objectives of the course and the knowledge actually acquired (if approximate, imprecise, precise or systematic) in relation to the concepts exposed in the reconstruction of moments in the history of philosophy contemporary exposed to Heidegger's lesson and thought; the test also intends to ascertain the ability to present such knowledge and to reflect autonomously and critically on it in a pertinent and reasoned manner and with a specific language: it will therefore be an oral exam.

Students who have registered their disability certification or DSA certification at the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can ask to use concept maps (for keywords) during the exam. To this end, it is necessary to send the maps two weeks before the exam session to the teacher of the course, who will verify their consistency with the indications of the University guidelines and will be able to request modifications.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Non-attending students will have to support the same program as attending students, helping in particular with the materials available on the Moodle platform and coordinating with the teacher and his assistants.

Attendance

None.

Course books

As for attending students.

- Giuseppe Cambiano - Massimo Mori: Storia della filosofia contemporanea, Laterza, Roma/Bari 2014. The parts to be studied are the following, for a total of about 200 pages:
Schopenhauer 11-18; Restaurazione 28-43; Hegelismo 62-97; Comte 101-104; Spencer 123-126; Nietzsche 133-155; Neokantismo e storicismo 182-212; Croce Gentile Gramsci 239-275; Husserl 276-287; Freud 332-342; Rivoluzione conservatrice 350-356; Lukacs 360-365; Horkheimer e Adorno 373-375; Sartre 393-401.

Domenico Losurdo: La comunità, la morte, l'Occidente. Heidegger e l'ideologia della guerra, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 1991. The first 50 pages of this book should be studied while the remaining pages should be read.

- Stefano G. Azzarà: Essenza del sapere , metamorfosi della verità e distruzione del concetto universale di uomo nelle lezioni platoniche di Heidegger del 1931/32, in Id., Pensare la rivoluzione conservatrice, La città del Sole, Napoli 2000, pp. 337-392: 55 pp. da studiare. This text, no longer commercially available, will be made available in pdf by the teacher on the Blended platform.

- Martin Heidegger: L'essenza della verità. Sul mito della caverna e sul «Teeteto» di Platone, Adelphi, Milano 1997. Some parts of this book will be read which will be indicated in class and of which the teacher will provide the passages on the Blended platform.

Assessment

As for attending students.

Oral examination. The exam aims to ascertain the student's ability to understand the educational objectives of the course and the knowledge actually acquired (if approximate, imprecise, precise or systematic) in relation to the concepts exposed in the reconstruction of moments in the history of philosophy contemporary exposed to Heidegger's lesson and thought; the test also intends to ascertain the ability to present such knowledge and to reflect autonomously and critically on it in a pertinent and reasoned manner and with a specific language: it will therefore be an oral exam.

For non-attending students, however, the test will refer to the texts indicated in the educational program.

Students who have registered their disability certification or DSA certification at the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can ask to use concept maps (for keywords) during the exam. To this end, it is necessary to send the maps two weeks before the exam session to the teacher of the course, who will verify their consistency with the indications of the University guidelines and will be able to request modifications.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.