Primary objective of the course is to provide students with useful elements to the knowledge of the organization of the cell, with particular reference to the animal cell.

Moreover, being this course one of  the first biological courses that the student meets, a second objective is to reach a good level of accuracy in using the biology specific scientific language.

Cytology

1. Plasma membrane 1.1 Structural and functional organization 1.2 Membrane transit 

2. Cytoplasm 2.1 Cytosol 2.2 Ribosomes  2.3 Endoplasmic reticulum  2.4 Golgi Apparatus  2.5 Lysosomes

2.6 Endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis 2.7 Perossisomes2.8 Mitochondria and energy metabolism

3. Cytoskeleton 3.1 Microfilaments 3.2 Microtubules 3.3 Intermediate filaments

4. Cellular adhesion and communication 4.1 Signaling between cells 4.2 Cell-cell adhesion and cell matrix

5. Nucleus  5.1 Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm and nucleoskeleton   5.3 Chromatin and chromosomes

6.Nucleus functions  6.1  Cell cycle: phases, mitosis . 6.2 Meiosis and sexual reproduction.

MICROSCOPY

 1.Foundamentals of microscopy. 1.2 Transmission optical microscope

2. Techniques of preparations for transmission optical microscope

3.Various optical microscopes. 3.2 Fluorescence microscope 3.3 Confocal microscope

4. Principles of cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry

5. Electron transmission and scansion  microscope.

6. Techniques for preparation for electron microscope.

Istology and Microscopic Anatomy

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY OF UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course the student will have to prove the acquisition of  basic knowledge related to the  animal cell structure  and those relating to the  methods for the study of this cell, with particular reference to  microscope analysis

D2-ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course the students  will have acquired abilities to independently use the acquired knowledge the  to reason on problems that the discipline proposes.

D3-COMMUNICATION SKILLS: The student must demonstrate that possesses and knows how to use the correct scientific language and terminology that the discipline offers.

D4-CAPACITY OF LEARNING: the student must prove able to examine and understand scientific texts.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

Frontal lessons with presentation of diagrams and images in Power-Point mode.

Laboratory exercises

Innovative teaching methods

Attendance

Class attendance is recommended

Course books

BIOLOGIA - CELLULA e TESSUTI

authors: R. Colombo and E. Olmo

Publisher: Edi.Ermes Milano

together with educational material on the Blended Learning platform

Assessment

• An intermediate test (Test) of Cytology is foreseen  which will average with the subsequent final exam (those who do not pass the test or will not participate will bring all the material to the oral possibly in two distinct sessions (Cytology and Microscopy)

• The final exam consists of an oral interview of about 15-20 minutes on the various topics covered in the course, concerning the parts of the program not yet passed (Cytology and Microscopy), to verify which is the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the previously indicated educational objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of the knowledge of the subject, the expository ability and the language used as well as the correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and are used to evaluate the student's capacity for reasoning and synthesis. Particular attention will be paid to students with Specific Learning Disorders.

• The final grade will result from the average of the marks obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy) for a total of 6 CFU. The grade of the Cytology and Microscopy module will remain valid for the duration of one academic year taking into account the session in which it was obtained. Furthermore, the Histology grade will remain valid for the duration of one academic year, taking into account the session in which it was obtained.

• The evaluation is expressed out of thirty (minimum grade 18) consisting of the average of the marks obtained in the various tests and oral exams .

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises) and specific communications from the lecturer can be found, together with other supporting activities, inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it together with consultation of the book

Course books

The study text consists of the material provided by the teacher and accessible on the Moodle Blended platform and the text entitled "Flow Cytometry" Ortolani et al. Ed. Edi Ermes and from the text entitled “Flow Cytometry of Hematological Malignancies” by Ortolani Ed. Wiley., together with educational material on the Blended Learning platform

For the Cytometric Laboratory part, equipped rooms will be used and files will be analyzed with the Kaluza Software

Assessment

• An intermediate test (Test) of Cytology is foreseen  which will average with the subsequent final exam (those who do not pass the test or will not participate will bring all the material to the oral possibly in two distinct sessions (Cytology and Microscopy)

• The final exam consists of an oral interview of about 15-20 minutes on the various topics covered in the course, concerning the parts of the program not yet passed (Cytology and Microscopy), to verify which is the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the previously indicated educational objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of the knowledge of the subject, the expository ability and the language used as well as the correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and are used to evaluate the student's capacity for reasoning and synthesis. Particular attention will be paid to students with Specific Learning Disorders.

• The final grade will result from the average of the marks obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy) for a total of 6 CFU. The grade of the Cytology and Microscopy module will remain valid for the duration of one academic year taking into account the session in which it was obtained. Furthermore, the Histology grade will remain valid for the duration of one academic year, taking into account the session in which it was obtained.

• The evaluation is expressed out of thirty (minimum grade 18) consisting of the average of the marks obtained in the various tests and oral exams .

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.