The course aims to provide knowledge on the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases. The student will also be able to acquire knowledge on the naming of diseases and medical terminology.

Specifically, the aim of the course is to provide students with knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the main causes of disease:

1- Exogenous and endogenous causes that determine cellular and tissue damage

2- Cellular and tissue mechanisms responsible for the development of diseases

3- Processes of adaptation to harmful insults through the response of the immune system (inflammation and repair of damage)

4- Carcinogenesis

5- Genetic diseases

6- Cardiovascular disorders.

1. Cell injury, cell death and adaptations: cellular responses to stress and noxious stimuli, hypetrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, necrosis/apoptosis/autophagy.

2. Inflammation and tissue repair: acute and chronic inflammation, inflammation outcomes, systemic effects of inflammation.

3. Renovation, regeneration and tissue repair: tissue proliferation and homeostasis, cell cycle, tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix, healing for repair, healing and fibrosis.

4. Hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolism and shock: edema, haemostasis and thrombosis, infarction, shock.

5. Diseases of the immune system: innate and adaptive immunity, hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, amyloidosis.

6. Neoplasia: nomenclature, benign/malignant neoplasia, epidemiology, molecular basis of cancer and carcinogenesis, tumor immunity, clinical aspects.

7. Genetic diseases: Mendelian disorders, multigenic disorders, cytogenetic disorders.

8. Environmental and Nutritional diseases: health effects of climate change, toxicity of chemical and physical agents, nutritional diseases.

9. Blood vessels: structure and function of blood vessels, blood pressure regulation, hypertensive vascular disease, atherosclerosis.

10. Diabetes Mellitus.

11. Heart

12. Endocrine system.

Biochemistry and Physiology are adviced.

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The students have to demonstrate that they have acquired the knowledge regarding the mechanisms responsible for the development of human diseases: the causes of cell/tissue damage and death; fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms associated with immunity, inflammation and carcinogenesis; inheritance of genetic pathologies. These skills will be assessed through the final exam.

D2-APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The student should be able to use the principles of general pathology to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms. In particular, he/she will have to use these principles during his profession in the health sector or in experimental research. These skills will be assessed through the final exam.

D3-MAKING JUDGEMENTS

The students have to acquire knowledge such as to allow the recognition of the mechanisms responsible for the development of a disease and to identify specific pathological conditions with application in the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of diseases. These skills will be tested both with the written test and through targeted oral questions. These skills will be assessed through the final exam.

D4-COMMUNICATION SKILLS

The student must be able to describe the principles and concepts learned during the course expressing themselves clearly, with appropriate terms and with appropriate examples. This ability will be assessed during the oral examination.

D5-LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS

The students should be able to construct his/her scientific lifelong learning skills in a critical and autonomous way, being able to properly use the teaching material provided by the teacher and the in-depth own material. These skills, as far as possible, will be stimulated by the teacher by proposing insights which will then be explained and discussed during the lessons.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Supporting activities are not provided.

Teaching

Lectures.

Attendance

The basic knowledge and skills that students should have in order to properly carry out the activities included in the course are related to anatomy, biochemistry and physiology.

Course books

The topics listed in the syllabus can be studied in one of the following books:

- Robbins Basic pathology, Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N., Aster J.C., Masson (Ninth Edition).

- Rubin R., Strayer D.S., Patologia generale (Patologia d'organo e molecolare), PICCIN.
- Majno G., Joris I., Cellule, tessuti e malattia, principi di patologia generale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
- Pontieri G.M., Russo M.A., Frati L. Patologia generale (Tomo I eII), Piccin Editore

Book to consult:

- Strayer D.S., Rubin E., Patologia generale - Anatomia patologica, PICCIN (II edizione).

Assessment

Written exam on topics related to the course program. The written exam consists of six multiple choice questions and two open ones. For multiple choice questions, each correct answer is worth 3 points and each incorrect or missing answer is worth 0 points. For open questions, the rating will range from 0 to 6 based on the correctness of the answers.The exam lasts two hours and the final grade is given out of thirty.

An oral discussion of the evaluation of the written exam is also expected.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Non-attending students are invited to contact the teacher and consult the Moodle platform to request the teaching material if needed.

Attendance

The basic knowledge and skills that students should have in order to properly carry out the activities included in the course are related to anatomy, biochemistry and physiology.

Course books

To give the opportunity to students and non-attending students to compensate with independent study carried out during the lessons, the following materials referring to the same contents of the program in order to promote full understanding:

- Robbins Basic pathology, Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Fausto N., Aster J.C., Masson (Ninth Edition).

- Rubin R., Strayer D.S., Patologia generale (Patologia d'organo e molecolare), PICCIN.
- Majno G., Joris I., Cellule, tessuti e malattia, principi di patologia generale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
- Pontieri G.M., Russo M.A., Frati L. Patologia generale (Tomo I e II), Piccin Editore.

Book to consult:

- Strayer D.S., Rubin E., Patologia generale - Anatomia patologica, PICCIN (II edizione).

Assessment

Written exam on topics related to the course program. The written exam consists of six multiple choice questions and two open ones. For multiple choice questions, each correct answer is worth 3 points and each incorrect or missing answer is worth 0 points. For open questions, the rating will range from 0 to 6 based on the correctness of the answers.The exam lasts two hours and the final grade is given out of thirty.

An oral discussion of the evaluation of the written exam is also expected.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.