The course's educational objective is to introduce the basics of formal logic.

The course will be divided into two parts: a general part containing an introduction to classic formal logic and a particular part that will devote attention to studying modal logic.

The course will focus on the following topics:

01 Critical Thinking;
01.01 Correct arguments and argumentative fallacies;
02 Propositional Logic;
02.01 Syntax of Propositional Logic;
02.01.01 Hilbert-style deductive system;
02.01.02 Natural Deduction;
02.02 Semantics of Propositional Logic;
02.02.01 Truth Tables;
02.02.02 Semantic Tableaux;
03 First Order Logic;
03.01 First Order Logic Syntax;
03.01.01 Hilbert-style deductive system;
03.01.02 Natural Deduction;
03.02 First Order Logic Syntax Semantics;
03.02.01 Semantic Tableaux;
04 Metatheory of Formal Systems;
04.01 Consistency; Soundness; Completeness;
04.02 Decidability; Undecidability;
05 Logic and Foundations of Mathematics;
05.01 Gödel's Theorems;
06. Modal logics;
06.01 Alethic modal logics.

There are no strict prerequisites for this course, but a basic introduction to Critical Thinking might provide a helpful background.

Knowledge and understanding

After the course students should be able to understand and explain texts by history of logic, discuss some of the classical problems in logic, use the bibliographical tools and repertories available in this field.

Applying knowledge and understanding

After the course students should be able to discuss and evaluate various claims and arguments both in the specialistic debate and in the general contemporary cultural debate.

Making judgements

After the course students should be able to make autonomous and original judgements about the arguments in the debate. To this end discussions in the classroom will be encouraged. Originality and autonomous judgement will be part of the final evalution of the student's performance

Communication skills

After the course students should be able to explain and discuss the relevant topics with conceptual and linguistic exactness, and to offer efficacious  and synthetic accounts of the subject matter. To this end, verbal interaction in the classroom and a careful reading and analysis of the relevant texts will be encouraged

Learning skills

After the course students should be acquainted with the subject matter and the method of research enough to be able to proceed on their own  in gathering further knowledge from the literature in the field and in contiguous fields. To this end they should also improve their ability to read English texts in the field.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Lectures:

Training Camp: https://filosofia.uniurb.it/training-camp/

Synergia Lectures: https://sites.google.com/a/uniurb.it/synergia

Lectiones Commandinianae: https://sites.google.com/site/lectionescommandinianae/

Teaching

The teaching is delivered in mixed mode, i.e., the lectures take place in the classroom and are simultaneously transmitted remotely within the Moodle platform.

Classroom lectures offer general frameworks, analyses of particular topics and exercises, and comments on the relevant literature. Students are encouraged to ask questions, comment, and discuss things before, during, and after the lecture. Of course, personal study at home will be equally important.

Attendance

Students should attend classes regularly and actively, since the very beginning. Because of the analytic and often abstract character of the subject matter, active participation in classroom discussion will be very useful. In order to do that, and in general to follow the lectures successfully, it is strongly advised to do every day the homework suggested as preparation for the following lecture.

The present course is considered modular, along with the Philosophy of Science course. In this sense, the evaluation for the entire course (module 1 + module 2) will be based on the arithmetic average of the grades received in the individual modules.

Course books

Richard L. Epstein, “An Introduction to Formal Logic”, Advanced Reasoning Forum, 2016.

Additional texts will be given to students during the lectures (the additional texts will also be available on the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it).

Assessment

Written and oral examination. You will be asked to analyze concepts, solve exercises, and demonstrate theorems.
This dual mode makes it possible to assess, in the best way, the achievement of the established formative objectives and competencies.
The final evaluation will consider the student's knowledge in terms of analysis of concepts, definitions, theorems, problems, theories, techniques, methods, scientific instruments, etc. The student's ability to use conceptual tools to solve problems and prove/analyze theorems and active participation in the classroom will also contribute to the final evaluation. Finally, the student's capacity for rigorous analysis of themes and problems, autonomy in solving problems and proving theorems, personal and autonomous reworking of knowledge, and planning will be particularly well-appreciated.

All these elements will have equal weight in the assessment. They will be distinguished on a scale of four levels (not sufficient, sufficient, good, excellent).
The final mark will be expressed in a range from 18/30 to 30/30. A sufficiently rigorous and clear exposition -using adequately specific terms- of the basic contents, concepts, methods, and the ability to solve simple exercises and prove simple theorems will be enough to obtain a sufficient evaluation and to pass the examination (18/30). The other marks will be calibrated on this basis.

The present course is considered modular, along with the Philosophy of Science course. In this sense, the evaluation for the entire course (module 1 + module 2) will be based on the arithmetic average of the grades received in the individual modules.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

Students will study on their own (individually or with others) according to the directions of this vademecum and, if possible, with the help that the teacher can give during office hours or through e-mail, Skype, etc.

Attendance

In order to make up for the impossibility of attending classes, a hard and careful study is required. One should already possess good skills of autonomous learning and some capacity to read and understand logic and philosophical texts, at least at a basic level. Whenever possible, it is advisable to work with other students. 

Course books

Richard L. Epstein, “An Introduction to Formal Logic,” Advanced Reasoning Forum, 2016.

Additional texts will be given to students during the lectures (the additional texts will also be available on the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it).

Non-attending students are invited to contact the professor with regard to the additional texts.

Assessment

Written and oral examination. You will be asked to analyze concepts, solve exercises, and demonstrate theorems.
This dual mode makes it possible to assess, in the best way, the achievement of the established formative objectives and competencies.
The final evaluation will consider the student's knowledge in terms of analysis of concepts, definitions, theorems, problems, theories, techniques, methods, scientific instruments, etc. The student's ability to use conceptual tools to solve problems and prove/analyze theorems will also contribute to the final evaluation. Finally, the student's capacity for rigorous analysis of themes and problems, autonomy in solving problems and proving theorems, personal and autonomous reworking of knowledge, and planning will be particularly well-appreciated.

All these elements will have equal weight in the assessment. They will be distinguished on a scale of four levels (not sufficient, sufficient, good, excellent).
The final mark will be expressed in a range from 18/30 to 30/30. A sufficiently rigorous and clear exposition -using adequately specific terms- of the basic contents, concepts, methods, and the ability to solve simple exercises and prove simple theorems will be enough to obtain a sufficient evaluation and to pass the examination (18/30). The other marks will be calibrated on this basis.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Foreign students will be allowed to use English for questions and comments during the class, for all the required readings, and the final examination.

The present course is considered modular, along with the Philosophy of Science course. In this sense, the evaluation for the entire course (module 1 + module 2) will be based on the arithmetic average of the grades received in the individual modules.