Primary objective of the course is to provide students with useful elements to the knowledge of the organization of the cell, with particular reference to the animal cell.

Moreover, being this course one of  the first biological courses that the student meets, a second objective is to reach a good level of accuracy in using the biology specific scientific language.

Cytology

1. Plasma membrane 1.1 Structural and functional organization 1.2 Membrane transit 

2. Cytoplasm 2.1 Cytosol 2.2 Ribosomes  2.3 Endoplasmic reticulum  2.4 Golgi Apparatus  2.5 Lysosomes

2.6 Endocytosis, exocytosis, transcytosis 2.7 Perossisomes2.8 Mitochondria and energy metabolism

3. Cytoskeleton 3.1 Microfilaments 3.2 Microtubules 3.3 Intermediate filaments

4. Cellular adhesion and communication 4.1 Signaling between cells 4.2 Cell-cell adhesion and cell matrix

5. Nucleus  5.1 Nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm and nucleoskeleton   5.3 Chromatin and chromosomes

6.Nucleus functions  6.1  Cell cycle: phases, mitosis . 6.2 Meiosis and sexual reproduction.

MICROSCOPY

 1.Foundamentals of microscopy. 1.2 Transmission optical microscope

2. Techniques of preparations for transmission optical microscope

3.Various optical microscopes. 3.2 Fluorescence microscope 3.3 Confocal microscope

4. Principles of cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry

5. Electron transmission and scansion  microscope.

6. Techniques for preparation for electron microscope.

Istology and Microscopic Anatomy

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY OF UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course the student will have to prove the acquisition of  basic knowledge related to the  animal cell structure  and those relating to the  methods for the study of this cell, with particular reference to  microscope analysis

D2-ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course the students  will have acquired abilities to independently use the acquired knowledge the  to reason on problems that the discipline proposes.

D3-COMMUNICATION SKILLS: The student must demonstrate that possesses and knows how to use the correct scientific language and terminology that the discipline offers.

D4-CAPACITY OF LEARNING: the student must prove able to examine and understand scientific texts.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Teaching

Frontal lessons with presentation of diagrams and images in Power-Point mode.

Laboratory exercises

Innovative teaching methods

The course includes:

oral presentations (group work)
participatory lessons in which the works presented by the students will be discussed under the supervision and management of the teacher

Attendance

Class attendance is recommended

Course books

BIOLOGIA - CELLULA e TESSUTI

authors: R. Colombo and E. Olmo

Publisher: Edi.Ermes Milano

together with educational material on the Blended Learning platform

Assessment

• An intermediate test (Test) of Cytology is foreseen  which will average with the subsequent final exam (those who do not pass the test or will not participate will bring all the material to the oral possibly in two distinct sessions (Cytology and Microscopy)

The final exam consists of an oral test on the various topics covered during the course to verify the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the previously indicated training objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of knowledge of the subject, expository ability and the language used as correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and are used to evaluate the reasoning and synthesis ability.

The evaluation criteria and scores of the oral exam are determined out of thirty according to the following scale:
• less than 18: insufficient level of competence. The candidate does not achieve any of the learning outcomes foreseen in the point "knowledge and understanding";
• 18-20: sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" point;
• 21-23: fully sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the points "knowledge and understanding" and "applied knowledge and understanding";
• 24-26: good level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding” and “independence of judgement”;
• 27-29: very good level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding”; “independence of judgement” and “communication skills”;
• 30-30 with honors: excellent level of competence. The candidate fully achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding”; “independence of judgement”; “communication skills” and “ability to learn”.

The final grade will result from the average of the grades obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy and Histology and Microscopic Anatomy) for a total of 12 CFU.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises) and specific communications from the lecturer can be found, together with other supporting activities, inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it together with consultation of the book

Course books

BIOLOGIA - CELLULA e TESSUTI

authors: R. Colombo and E. Olmo

Publisher: Edi.Ermes Milano

together with educational material on the Blended Learning platform

Assessment

• An intermediate test (Test) of Cytology is foreseen  which will average with the subsequent final exam (those who do not pass the test or will not participate will bring all the material to the oral possibly in two distinct sessions (Cytology and Microscopy)

The final exam consists of an oral test on the various topics covered during the course to verify the level of knowledge achieved by the student in relation to the previously indicated training objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of knowledge of the subject, expository ability and the language used as correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and are used to evaluate the reasoning and synthesis ability.

The evaluation criteria and scores of the oral exam are determined out of thirty according to the following scale:
• less than 18: insufficient level of competence. The candidate does not achieve any of the learning outcomes foreseen in the point "knowledge and understanding";
• 18-20: sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" point;
• 21-23: fully sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the points "knowledge and understanding" and "applied knowledge and understanding";
• 24-26: good level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding” and “independence of judgement”;
• 27-29: very good level of competence. The candidate achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding”; “independence of judgement” and “communication skills”;
• 30-30 with honors: excellent level of competence. The candidate fully achieves the learning outcomes set out in the "knowledge and understanding" points; “applied knowledge and understanding”; “independence of judgement”; “communication skills” and “ability to learn”.

The final grade will result from the average of the grades obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy and Histology and Microscopic Anatomy) for a total of 12 CFU.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.