The aim is to inform students about the specific sector of canvas paintings that deals with the analysis of materials, degradation processes and the first interventions of protection, safety and consolidation, preparatory to subsequent restoration operations. From the progressive affirmation of the technique in the mid-1500s to the 19th century, focusing the course on the techniques as codified by the main ancient treatises. Students must be able to frame the executive technique, the materials and the damage that the work presents before even requesting chemical analyses.

THEORETICAL PART

A) The constitution of paintings on canvas

· Notes on the spread of painting on canvas from the mid-1500s and composition of the new support:

The frame and its characteristics.

· The needs of the canvas support and the conditions that led to the preference for linen, hemp and silk. The average size of the canvases and the need to sew the pieces.

· The types of "preparation" and the main constituent materials: glue, chalk, flours, pigments.

· The constitution of the pictorial film, the main pigments and binders: oils, resins, proteins and possible mixtures.

B) Study of the aging and degradation processes

· Analysis of the physiological aging of materials and evaluation of the behavior of the technical choices made by the painters.

· The degradation of cellulose and the behavior of fabrics, the behavior of the preparation layer in relation to the thickness, the behavior of the paint film in relation to the pigment contained and the binder.

· The impact of environmental conditions.

· The impact of human intervention, maintenance and restoration.

· The interactions between the various elements.

C) The first maintenance interventions on ancient works

· The development of the figure of the painter-restorer, the practices and materials used in the recovery of supports from the end of the 17th century to the great treaties of the 19th century.

· The consequences of ancient restorations and possible further elements of degradation in the modern age.

· The spread of lining as a routine intervention up to the reflection of the Greenwich conference.

D) Evaluation of the systems and materials used in consolidation.

· Animal gelatin glues

· Acrylic resins in solution and emulsion.

· Thermoplastic resins and heat-reactivated copolymers: the Beva

· Development of a protocol that helps choose a consolidant in relation to the conditions of the work and its final location.

· Distinguish between aggregating power and adhesive power in consolidation.

E) preparatory interventions for the restoration of the support

· Vellum and usable materials: Japanese paper and adhesives

· Dismantling the canvas from the frame: tools and methods

· The choice of whether or not to recover the existing frame

D.1 The student must demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the executive techniques, the phenomenology of degradation, cleaning techniques, structural interventions on the support and on the preparatory and pictorial layers of a painting on canvas

D.2 The student must apply the knowledge acquired in practice, demonstrating an aptitude for solving problems also in reference to new and interdisciplinary situations

D.3 The student must demonstrate autonomy of evaluation and ability to find and assimilate information and data useful for the correct formulation of an intervention hypothesis

D.4 The student must demonstrate the ability to draft a detailed technical report of the interventions carried out with relative justification of methodologies and materials chosen using adequate specialist terminology

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Assessment

Attendance at the restoration laboratory activities is mandatory; absences are permitted for no more than 25% of the total number of hours related to the Laboratory attended and for no more than 25% of the total number of hours of each individual section of the relative Laboratory. Attendance will be recorded. Attendance in the restoration laboratories is subject to the acquisition of certificates relating to the Safety courses as indicated in the Regulations of the Restoration laboratories.

After attending at least 75% of each individual laboratory section, the student will be able to take the relative partial exam during the official exam sessions.

After taking the partial exams of each of the 4 sections and the supplementary module, the exam will be recorded during the official exam sessions with a single evaluation resulting from the average of the partial evaluations. The final grade will be obtained as follows:

Average of partial grades + Supplementary module grade (the value of which will be calculated as a percentage based on the hours completed during the laboratory)

ORAL EXAM AND WRITTEN REPORT

Partial Exam

To take each partial exam, the student must present a Technical Report of the activity carried out in the laboratory. In agreement with the reference teacher. The paper must be sent by email at least two weeks before the exam to the teachers on computer support.

The partial exam consists of an oral interview to be taken with the teacher who belongs to the section.

The oral exam will focus on:

operations carried out in the laboratory;

bibliography provided by the teachers

discussion on the report presented.

The final grade of the partial exam will be the percentage sum of three grades: Laboratory, written report and oral exam. The evaluation metric will be as follows:

Laboratory 40%

Laboratory Activities will have the following evaluation from:

18 if the student covers the minimum attendance

19 to 28 if the student demonstrates good manual skills

28 to 30 if the student actively participates and interacts with the group

Written Report 20%

The written report will have an evaluation from

18 to 25 if the report covers all the topics covered

25 to 28 if the report has adequate technical language and relevant examples

28 to 30 if all the elements of the report are illustrated in a complete and thorough manner.

Oral exam 40%

The oral exam will have a score from

18 to 23 if the answers to the questions are incomplete and lack adequate language

24 to 28 if the answers to the questions are complete and with adequate language

28 to 30 if the student demonstrates the ability to process and interpret the acquired notions

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.