The educational path of first three years includes a series of biological subjects capable of obtaining a concrete framework of the techniques and methodologies applied to the morphological analysis of the various apparatuses of the human organism. In this sense, after a first part on the cytological environment (first part of the "Cytology and Microscopy"; module), this module (HISTOLOGY and MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY) addresses issues (and structures) concerning the different tissues of the organism to highlight its second level of organization. The course presents a part dedicated to the "classroom" histology laboratory (observation of many preparations and histological sections) in order to give the student the tools for the morphological observation of the preparations for optical microscopy (with less frequent observations of SEM and TEM images). These issues (and observation of the related preparations) act as a basis for approaching cellular, static and dynamic analysis that will be treated in the master's degree. The last part of microscopic anatomy, (as a third level of structural organization of the human organism) represents a simplified introduction to the next chapter of “Human Anatomy" introducing the next level of cellular organization as an organ level.

HISTOLOGY 1. Epithelial tissue: surface epithelium 1.1 Characteristics of epithelial cells 1.2 Classification of epithelia 2. Epithelial tissue: glandular epithelia: 2.1 Origin and differentiation of glands 2.2 Exocrine glands: secretion modality, classification criteria, classification, 2.3 Endocrine glands: structural and ultrastructural organization, classification. 3. Tissues of mesenchymal origin: organization 3.1 Extracellular matrix 3.2 Cellular component 4. general features of Connective tissues 4.1 Mesenchyma 4.2 Fibrillary connective tissue 4.3 Elastic connective tissue 4.4 Reticular connective tissue 4.5 Adipose tissue 5. Cartilage tissue 5.1 Hyaline cartilage and its varieties 5.2 Elastic cartilage 5.3 Fibrous cartilage 6. Bone tissue 6.1 Cell bone tissue: organization of spongy and compact bone tissue; direct and indirect ossification methods; remodeling. 6.2 Acellular bone tissue: dentin and cement. 7. Blood and lymph: 7.1 Blood: plasma, figurative elements, notes on hematopoiesis 7.2 Lymph 8. Muscle tissue: 8.1 Skeletal striated muscle tissue 8.2 Cardiac striated muscle tissue 8.3 Smooth muscle tissue

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY: 1. Introduction to topography and function of: pituitary, pineal, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, gonads, endocrine pancreas 2. Nerve tissue 2.1 Neurons 2.2 Neuroglia 2.3 Nerve fibers 2.4 Synapses 2.5 Cortices

D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING 

 The students will have to demonstrate that they mastered the basic knowledge related to the analysis of histology and microscopic anatomy preparations for morphological analysis.

D2-APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

The student will have to demonstrate the ability to know the different degrees of organization of the human organism both at the level of tissues and at the anatomical-microscopic organization (for the part relating to this classification)

D3-MAKING JUDGEMENTS

The student must acquire knowledge that allows him to recognize the strong ability of microscopic analysis, with some critical issues related to the sample preparation processes. In fact, the general / structural characteristics of several tissues are in specific preparations.

D4-COMMUNICATION

The student must have the ability to deal professionally and competently with possible interlocutors. The student must have the ability to transmit the knowledge acquired in a clear and understandable way and accessible to non-competent people ( in an integrated perspective: specific / technical and popular)

D5-LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS

The student must be able to examine and understand scientific texts in which histological and anatomical structures are treated (for the part in the course), therefore using them for the future profession (including research). Finally, the student must show the ability to use the concepts and knowledge acquired by demonstrating to reason according to the specific logic of the discipline.

The teaching material prepared by the lecturer in addition to recommended textbooks (such as for instance slides, lecture notes, exercises, bibliography) and communications from the lecturer specific to the course can be found inside the Moodle platform › blended.uniurb.it

Hands-on histologic observations in the educational laboratory.

Teaching

The course includes:

1) lectures
2) oral presentations
3) Exercises on histological atlases links and, in agreement with the students, microscopic observations exercises in the didactic laboratory

Students are invited to attend lectures to request clarification from the lecturer.

Innovative teaching methods

Activities related to the specific modalities "Flipped Lessons" and/or  "Problem Based Learning", in agreement with the students

Attendance

There is no obligation to attend but it is strongly recommended for a correct and effective learning of the different arguments of the Course. Consultation of the slides provided by the teacher together with the consultation of the textbook. (Basic knowledge of English). There is no propaedeuticity with the Cytology and Microscopy Module but it is strongly recommended to have taken the Course and  the examination.
 

Course books

Recommended study texts (the chapters to be studied are those corresponding to the Program indicated in the Course Description):

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

BIOLOGIA CELLULA E TESSUTI (Colombo-Olmo), Edi.Ermes, Milano

OR

CITOLOGIA&ISTOLOGIA (di Luciana Dini, Nicla Romano ), Edizioni Idelson-Gnocchi

together with documents shared on  Blended Learnin

Assessment

The assessment of profit is aimed at verifying the level of knowledge of the topics covered in the course and the reasoning ability that highlights knowing how to connect structure and function in the different biological components of the organism.  The verification of the level of learning will be evaluated during the COURSE using a series of multiple choice tests for attending students.

The final exam consists of an oral test on the various topics covered (Histology) in the course to verify what is the level of knowledge achieved by the student regarding the previously indicated training objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of knowledge of the subject,

The final examination consists of an oral interview (of approximately 25-30 minutes) on the various topics covered in the course, to ascertain what level of knowledge the student has achieved relative to the previously stated educational objectives. The answers are judged on subject knowledge, expository ability and language used as correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and serve to evaluate the student's ability to reason and synthesize. 

In detail, oral examination, consisting of three or more questions starting from macro-topics and gradually delving into the details of the subject. The evaluation criteria and scores of the oral examination are determined on a scale of thirty according to the following scale:
• Less than 18: insufficient level of competence. The candidate does not achieve any of the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" section;
• 18-20: sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" section;
• 21-23: fully sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" and "applied knowledge and understanding" sections;
• 24-26: good level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," and "judgment autonomy" sections;
• 27-29: very good level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," "judgment autonomy," and "communicative skills" sections;
• 30-30 with honors: excellent level of competence. The candidate fully achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," "judgment autonomy," "communicative skills," and "learning ability" sections.

The final grade will result from the average of the marks obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy and Histology and Microscopic Anatomy) for a total of 12 CFU.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.

Teaching

The course includes:

1) possible additional online review lessons; 2) Exercises on links of Histological Atlases

Attendance

 Good knowledge of English. Consultation of the slides and in-depth material provided by the teacher together with the consultation of the textbook.

Course books

In order to provide the opportunity for non-attending students to compensate by self-study what is done during the lectures, the following materials referring to the same contents of the program are indicated for the purpose of promoting their full understanding

Recommended study texts (the chapters to be studied are those corresponding to the Program indicated in the Course Description):

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

BIOLOGIA CELLULA E TESSUTI (Colombo-Olmo), Edi.Ermes, Milano

OR

CITOLOGIA&ISTOLOGIA (di Luciana Dini, Nicla Romano ), Edizioni Idelson-Gnocchi

together with documents shared on  Blended Learnin

Assessment

The assessment of profit is aimed at verifying the level of knowledge of the topics covered in the course and the reasoning ability that highlights knowing how to connect structure and function in the different biological components of the organism.

The final exam consists of an oral test on the various topics covered (Histology) in the course to verify what is the level of knowledge achieved by the student regarding the previously indicated training objectives. The answers are judged on the basis of knowledge of the subject.

The final examination consists of an oral interview (of approximately 25-30 minutes) on the various topics covered in the course, to ascertain what level of knowledge the student has achieved relative to the previously stated educational objectives. The answers are judged on subject knowledge, expository ability and language used as correct and appropriate scientific terminology, and serve to evaluate the student's ability to reason and synthesize. 

In detail, oral examination, consisting of three or more questions starting from macro-topics and gradually delving into the details of the subject. The evaluation criteria and scores of the oral examination are determined on a scale of thirty according to the following scale:
• Less than 18: insufficient level of competence. The candidate does not achieve any of the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" section;
• 18-20: sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" section;
• 21-23: fully sufficient level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding" and "applied knowledge and understanding" sections;
• 24-26: good level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," and "judgment autonomy" sections;
• 27-29: very good level of competence. The candidate achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," "judgment autonomy," and "communicative skills" sections;
• 30-30 with honors: excellent level of competence. The candidate fully achieves the expected learning outcomes in the "knowledge and understanding," "applied knowledge and understanding," "judgment autonomy," "communicative skills," and "learning ability" sections.

The final grade will result from the average of the marks obtained in the two modules (Cytology and Microscopy and Histology and Microscopic Anatomy) for a total of 12 CFU.

Disability and Specific Learning Disorders (SLD)

Students who have registered their disability certification or SLD certification with the Inclusion and Right to Study Office can request to use conceptual maps (for keywords) during exams.

To this end, it is necessary to send the maps, two weeks before the exam date, to the course instructor, who will verify their compliance with the university guidelines and may request modifications.